Brazil Flag: History and Meaning
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Basically, the flag of Brazil is green, yellow, and blue, with green as the background, yellow as the rhombus, and blue as the circle. The blue circle represents the starry sky with 27 stars situated in accordance with the actual position of stars in the Southern Hemisphere. The circle is crossed with a white band with green words "Ordem et Progresso", which translates into English as "Order and Progress". Let's learn the flag's history and review each of its elements in detail.
History
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil,_and_Algarves.svg
The Portuguese arrived in South America in 1500, and until 1815, Brazil's flag was that of the Kingdom of Portugal. From 1692, Brazil got its own symbol—a golden armillary sphere—depicted not only on maritime flags but also on coins. From 1815 to 1822, Brazil was the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves. Its flag was represented by the image of the golden armillary sphere with a crown on top of it and a white background.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Principality_of_Brazil.png
In 1822, Brazil became an independent kingdom and eventually got its own flag. It was designed by Jean-Baptiste Debret as the Royal Standard of Pedro I, the Prince Royal of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves. The green background and the yellow rhombus were transferred from the previous Imperial flag. Initially, the stars symbolising the country's states were pictured in a circle around the sphere, and their number was 19, which grew by one in 1853.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_NEW_kigdom_of_brazil.png
The blue celestial globe replaced the golden sphere with a positivist motto on the initiative of Raimundo Teixeira Mendes. The modern flag was adopted on November 19, 1889, when the Republic was established. It was modified three times: in 1960, when the number of stars increased to 22, in 1968 (23 stars), and in 1992 (27 stars), which is the latest flag modification.
Colours
The meaning of the flag's colours is rather simple: the green represents the House of Braganza, from which the first Emperor of Brazil, Pedro I, descended, while the yellow symbolises the House of Habsburg of the Emperor's wife, Maria Leopoldina of Austria. The blue is simply the colour of the night's sky.
Motto
The words on the band are taken from the motto of positivism defined by Auguste Comte. In French, it originally sounds like "L'amour pour principe et l'ordre pour base; le progrès pour but", which translates into English as "Love as a principle and order as the basis; progress as the goal".
In 2021, the movement called "Amor na Bandeira" (Love in the Flag) suggested adding the word "amor" at the beginning of the phrase, which would make a more precise allusion to positivism's motto.
Celestial Globe
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Les_constellations_dans_le_drapeau_du_Br%C3%A9sil.png
The 27 stars depicted in the celestial globe represent the Brazilian states and the Federal District. They are the mirror image of the way the real stars were seen above Rio de Janeiro on November 15, 1889, at 8:37 A.M. The stars represent nine constellations of the Southern Hemisphere: Canis Minoris (Little Dog), five stars from Canis Major (Great Dog), Carina (Keel), Virginis (Virgin), Hydra (Water Serpent), five stars from Crux Australis (Southern Cross), Sigma Octantis (Octant, or the south pole star), three stars from Triangulum Australe (Southern Triangle), and eight stars from Scorpius. All the stars are five-pointed and have three different sizes depending on the state territory's size. All the stars except the Spica of Virginis lie under the band; the Spica represents the northern state of Pará, which crosses the equator. Some sources claim that the band might represent the Amazon River.
Summing Up
It should be mentioned that the Brazil flag is one of the most complicated flags to construct. It has many components that must be positioned exactly, and there is the official construction sheet with the dimensions designed for every object in the image. The Brazilian law also provides for the modification of the flag should any state appear or disappear – the number and position of stars would have to be changed accordingly. The Brazilian flag has a long history and has ended up being a beautiful symbol, the nation's statement, which has carried its spirit through the ages.